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This is the second of our many quizzes on Electrolytes. Click on this to access more such competitive quizzes on General Chemistry.

Electrolytes Quiz 2

chemistry

 Abhay was depicting a step in the creation of a bond in a compound with a pictorial representation. <img  src="https://cmds-vedantu.s3.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/prod/question-sets/7ab2ce57-c879-419a-9ffb-63d77edbb2cb4464123773268963236.png"/>What type of bond will be formed, and what charge will the formed species have?

 Cations are ions produced by losing electrons from their outer shell.

 To form an ionic bond, a metal atom loses an electron and gains a positive charge, which is referred to as the cation, while a nonmetal atom gains an electron and forms a negatively charged ion, which is referred to as the anions.

 Which will be the correct statement regarding Fajan’s rule for ionic bonding formation?

 The contradictory statements of Fajan's rule for covalent compounds will aid in the formation of ionic bonds.

 According to Fajan's rule for covalent compounds, the cations should be thin, resulting in a lower volume and a higher charge density. Since the charge density is high, the polarisation strength is also high, and the compound is more covalent in nature; the reverse of this would yield the ionic bond state i.e. the cation should be larger in size with a low positive charge will favor the ionic bond formation.

 Athira was having a great confusion about why $AlC{{l}_{3}}$ is a covalent compound whereas $Al{{F}_{3}}$ is an ionic compound. Predict the theory which will justify this statement raised for the compounds?

 This theory helps us to identify the compounds as ionic and covalent based on terms like polarization and polarisability.

 Fajan's rule helps us understand the essence of bonding in a compound. It assists in the classification of compounds into ionic and covalent compounds. Since the cation in both compounds is Al, the nature of the anion can determine the nature of the bonds formed. We already know that Cl is larger than F. Since Cl is larger in size, it is more polarised, and the compound formed would be covalent in nature because the magnitude of charge present in anions and cations determines the covalency character of the bond.

 The formation of ionic bond suggests which type of reaction:

 Consider the formation of anion and cation.

 Since energy is emitted during the chemical phase of ionic bond formation, the reaction is known as an exothermic reaction. A metal atom loses an electron to form a cation, and a nonmetal atom receives an electron to form an anion, to form an ionic bond. As a result, the metal atom is undergoing oxidation while the nonmetal atom is undergoing reduction. Therefore the ionic bond formation is a redox reaction.

  Akshaya calculated the hardness of four given compounds, which compound will have the maximum hardness?

 $Lattice\,energy\,\alpha \,\dfrac{{{q}_{1}}{{q}_{2}}}{r}$

 The compound with the highest lattice energy, i.e. the compound with the best bonding, will have the highest hardness. If we know the charges of the ions in the compound and the distance between them, we can compare lattice energy. $\text{Lattice energy }\alpha \, \dfrac{{{q}_{1}}{{q}_{2}}}{r}$,  where  ${{q}_{1}}$ and ${{q}_{2}}$ are the charge of the ions and r is the distance between them. Both the size and charge parameters should be taken into consideration. $A{{l}_{2}}{{O}_{3}}$ will have the maximum hardness, Al has a +3 charge,and O has a -2 charge.