The probability that a radar will detect an object in one cycle is $p$. The probability that the object will be detected in $n$ cycles is
(A) $1 - {p^n}$
(B) $1 - {\left( {1 - p} \right)^n}$
(C) ${p^n}$
(D) $p{\left( {1 - p} \right)^{n - 1}}$
Answer
655.2k+ views
Hint: This question is based on probability. If the probability of happening an event is $P(E)$, then the probability of an event that does not happen will be $P\left( {\bar E} \right) = 1 - P\left( E \right)$. This means that the sum of probability of an event that happens and the event that does not happen is zero.
Or, $P\left( E \right) + P\left( {\bar E} \right) = 1$
Complete step-by-step answer:
For the first cycle, there are two possibilities of events given below,
Let the probability of the event that the radar will “detect” an object in one cycle be $P\left( A \right)$.
Then, $P\left( A \right) = p{\rm{ }}\left( {{\rm{Given}}} \right)$.
Also, let the probability of the event that the radar will “not detect” the object in one cycle be $P\left( B \right)$.
Then, $P\left( B \right) = \left( {1 - p} \right)$.
If in the $1{\rm{st}}$ cycle the object was not detected, then $2{\rm{nd}}$ cycle is started.
Now for the $2{\rm{nd}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$\begin{array}{c}
= P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( A \right)\\
= \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot p
\end{array}$
Similarly, if in the $2{\rm{nd}}$ cycle the object was not detected, then the $3{\rm{rd}}$ cycle is started.
Now for the $3{\rm{rd}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$\begin{array}{c}
= P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( A \right)\\
= \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot p\\
= {\left( {1 - p} \right)^2} \cdot p
\end{array}$
For the $4{\rm{th}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$\begin{array}{c}
= P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( A \right)\\
= \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot p\\
= {\left( {1 - p} \right)^3} \cdot p
\end{array}$
From the successive terms, For the $n{\rm{th}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$ = {\left( {1 - p} \right)^{n - 1}} \cdot p$
Therefore, the probability that the object will be detected in $n$ cycles is ${\left( {1 - p} \right)^{n - 1}} \cdot p$ and the correct option is (D)
So, the correct answer is “Option D”.
Note: In the question, the number of cycles is not specified, so the radar will keep increasing the number of cycles until the object is detected. Therefore, a series of events will be formed, the last term of this series would be the $n{\rm{th}}$ term and the value of $n{\rm{th}}$ term is determined by the succession.
Or, $P\left( E \right) + P\left( {\bar E} \right) = 1$
Complete step-by-step answer:
For the first cycle, there are two possibilities of events given below,
Let the probability of the event that the radar will “detect” an object in one cycle be $P\left( A \right)$.
Then, $P\left( A \right) = p{\rm{ }}\left( {{\rm{Given}}} \right)$.
Also, let the probability of the event that the radar will “not detect” the object in one cycle be $P\left( B \right)$.
Then, $P\left( B \right) = \left( {1 - p} \right)$.
If in the $1{\rm{st}}$ cycle the object was not detected, then $2{\rm{nd}}$ cycle is started.
Now for the $2{\rm{nd}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$\begin{array}{c}
= P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( A \right)\\
= \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot p
\end{array}$
Similarly, if in the $2{\rm{nd}}$ cycle the object was not detected, then the $3{\rm{rd}}$ cycle is started.
Now for the $3{\rm{rd}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$\begin{array}{c}
= P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( A \right)\\
= \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot p\\
= {\left( {1 - p} \right)^2} \cdot p
\end{array}$
For the $4{\rm{th}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$\begin{array}{c}
= P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( B \right) \cdot P\left( A \right)\\
= \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot \left( {1 - p} \right) \cdot p\\
= {\left( {1 - p} \right)^3} \cdot p
\end{array}$
From the successive terms, For the $n{\rm{th}}$ cycle, the probability would be,
$ = {\left( {1 - p} \right)^{n - 1}} \cdot p$
Therefore, the probability that the object will be detected in $n$ cycles is ${\left( {1 - p} \right)^{n - 1}} \cdot p$ and the correct option is (D)
So, the correct answer is “Option D”.
Note: In the question, the number of cycles is not specified, so the radar will keep increasing the number of cycles until the object is detected. Therefore, a series of events will be formed, the last term of this series would be the $n{\rm{th}}$ term and the value of $n{\rm{th}}$ term is determined by the succession.
Recently Updated Pages
What is BLO What is the full form of BLO class 8 social science CBSE

Explain the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 class 10 social science CBSE

10 examples of friction in our daily life

Draw a diagram of nephron and explain its structur class 11 biology CBSE

Write structures of the following compounds i 2 Chloro3methylpentane class 11 chemistry CBSE

A Paragraph on Pollution in about 100-150 Words

Trending doubts
Draw a labelled sketch of the human eye class 12 physics CBSE

Which are the Top 10 Largest Countries of the World?

Differentiate between homogeneous and heterogeneous class 12 chemistry CBSE

Draw ray diagrams each showing i myopic eye and ii class 12 physics CBSE

Which is the correct genotypic ratio of mendel dihybrid class 12 biology CBSE

What is the Full Form of PVC, PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP and PS ?

