How do you factor and solve $ {x^2} - x - 20 = 0 $ ?

Hint: In order to determine the factors of the above quadratic question use the Splitting up the middle method by first multiplying the coefficient of $ {x^2} $ with the constant term and factorise it into two factors such that either addition or subtraction gives us the middle term and the product of the same gives us back the multiplication we have calculated. Pull out common from the first two terms and the last two terms and then again pulling out the binomial parenthesis will give you the required factorisation.

Complete step-by-step answer:
Given a quadratic equation, $ {x^2} - x - 20 = 0 $ let it be $ f(x) $
 $ f(x) = {x^2} - x - 20 = 0 $
Comparing the equation with the standard Quadratic equation $ a{x^2} + bx + c $
a becomes 1
b becomes -1
And c becomes -20
To find the quadratic factorization we’ll use splitting up the middle term method
So first calculate the product of coefficient of $ {x^2} $ and the constant term which comes to be
 $ = ( - 20) \times 1 = - 20 $
Now the second Step is to find the 2 factors of the number 2 such that the whether addition or subtraction of those numbers is equal to the middle term or coefficient of x and the product of those factors results in the value of constant .
So if we factorize -20 ,the answer comes to be 5 and 4 as $ - 5 + 4 = - 1 $ that is the middle term . and $ - 5 \times 4 = - 20 $ which is perfectly equal to the constant value.
Now writing the middle term sum of the factors obtained ,so equation $ f(x) $ becomes
 $ f(x) = {x^2} - 5x + 4x - 20 $
Now taking common from the first 2 terms and last 2 terms
 $ f(x) = x(x - 5) + 4(x - 5) $
Finding the common binomial parenthesis, the equation becomes
 $
  f(x) = (x - 5)(x + 4) = 0 \\
   \Rightarrow x - 5 = 0 \\
  x = 5 \\
   \Rightarrow x + 4 = 0 \\
  x = - 4 \;
  $
Hence , We have successfully factorized our quadratic equation.
Therefore the factors are $ (x + 4) $ and $ (x - 5) $ and solution is $ x = 5, - 4 $
So, the correct answer is “ $ x = 5, - 4 $ ”.

Note: You can also alternatively use a direct method which uses Quadratic Formula to find both roots of a quadratic equation as
 $ x_1 = \dfrac{{ - b + \sqrt {{b^2} - 4ac} }}{{2a}} $ and $ x_2 = \dfrac{{ - b - \sqrt {{b^2} - 4ac} }}{{2a}} $
$x_1,x_2$ are root to quadratic equation $ a{x^2} + bx + c $
 Hence the factors will be $ (x - x1)\,and\,(x - x2)\, $ .